Nov 032021
 
Laban Coblentz du porte-parole actuel d’ITER organisation

Laban Coblentz, du porte-parole actuel d’ITER organisation s’exprimant lors d’une conférence de presse l’année dernière

Retour à la Page Principale ITER Power Facts

Par Steven B. Krivit
Nov. 3, 2021

Click here for the English version of this article.

Également publié aujourd’hui :
ITER: Le Directeur Général Fait une Fausse Déclaration sur le Réacteur à Fusion au Sénat Français
Présentation de Bernard Bigot au Sénat Français – 3 Dernières Minutes


L’organisation ITER a confirmé que le réacteur thermonucléaire expérimental international n’est pas conçu pour produire de l’énergie nette. Cette divulgation intervient quatre ans après que des articles du New Energy Times ont révélé que la conception d’ITER équivaut à un réacteur à puissance nette nulle.

Dans un article paru dans Le Canard Enchainé la semaine dernière, Michel Claessens, l’ancien porte-parole de l’organisation ITER, a expliqué l’écart de puissance d’ITER.

« Pendant de nombreuses années, on a prétendu que le réacteur générerait dix fois la puissance injectée. C’est complètement faux. Grâce à une patiente enquête, le journaliste Américain Steven Krivit a montré qu’ITER consommera autant [d’énergie] qu’il en produira, » a déclaré Claessens. « Nous savons maintenant que le solde net [de puissance] sera proche de zéro. »

Le journal a demandé une réponse à l’organisation ITER. L’organisation a envoyé une réponse officielle mais non signée, fournie sous la direction du porte-parole actuel d’ITER, Laban Coblentz.

« Il est évident que tous les systèmes de l’installation ITER consommeront plus d’énergie que celle produite par le plasma », a déclaré l’organisation ITER.

Au contraire, la compréhension largement répandue, comme le montrent ces citations d’institutions universitaires, de partenaires de l’industrie de la fusion, d’agences gouvernementales, d’organisations énergétiques, d’articles d’encyclopédie et des médias, a été que l’ensemble du système de réacteur est conçu pour produire de l’énergie nette. Voici quelques exemples:

  • “[ITER’s] design is a scaled-up version of JET, and the scientists here want to produce 500 megawatts of power, 10 times its predicted input.” (The Guardian, Jan. 25, 2015)
  • “ITER should be completed in 15-20 years and claims to deliver 500 MW of power, about the same as today’s large fission reactors.” (The Guardian, Oct. 17, 2016)
  • “The plan is to create 500 megawatts of usable energy from an input of 50 megawatts.” (New Scientist, June 15, 2021)
  • “The energy released by the machine should be roughly ten times the power it consumes.” (Nature, May 6, 2010)
  • “If all goes to plan, ITER will release ten times the power it consumes, sometime after 2026.” (Nature, Nov. 12, 2010)
  • “[ITER] an experimental reactor designed to use nuclear fusion to generate ten times the power that is put in.” (Nature, July 31, 2014)
  • “[ITER] is predicted to produce about 500 megawatts of electricity.” (Nature, May 26, 2016)
  • “Although all fusion reactors to date have produced less energy than they use, physicists are expecting that ITER will benefit from its larger size, and will produce about 10 times more power than it consumes.” (New York Times— March 27, 2017)
  • “ITER aims to produce 500 megawatts of power, 10 times the amount needed to keep it running.” (Science, Oct. 13, 2006)
  • “The international demonstration is aiming to generate about 10 times its input power.” (Science, 21, 2017)
  • “ITER aims to be the first tokamak to produce more energy than it consumes. But TFTR was also supposed to do that and it came up short.” (Science, 6, 2020)

La Longue Histoire

La fausse idée que le réacteur ITER est conçu pour produire plus d’énergie qu’il n’en consomme remonte à des décennies. Une capture d’écran du site Web de l’organisation du 21 Janvier 1998 montre que l’organisation a déclaré qu’ « ITER sera le premier réacteur à fusion à produire de l’énergie thermique au niveau d’une centrale électrique commerciale. »

Capture d'image de la page d'accueil de l'organisation ITER, 21 Janvier 1998 (Courtesy Archive.org)

Capture d’image de la page d’accueil de l’organisation ITER, 21 Janvier 1998 (Courtesy Archive.org)

Au cours des deux décennies suivantes, le message central de l’organisation ITER concernant l’objectif du projet a été communiqué comme le montre la capture d’écran ci-dessous.

Fausses allégations faites par l'organisation ITER, telles que publiées sur son site Web, avant le 6 octobre 2017 (Cliquez ici pour voir la correction de l'organisation ITER peu après le 5 Octobre 2017)

Fausses allégations faites par l’organisation ITER, telles que publiées sur son site Web, avant le 6 octobre 2017 (Cliquez ici pour voir la correction de l’organisation ITER peu après le 5 Octobre 2017)

Voici les faits.

JET, le réacteur à fusion Joint European Torus, a produit 16 mégawatts de puissance thermique pendant un dixième de seconde à partir de 24 mégawatts de puissance de chauffage injectés dans la chambre de réaction pour chauffer le combustible. Il nécessitait également une puissance supplémentaire pour fonctionner – un total de 700 mégawatts d’électricité. Ce fait était publiquement inconnu et non divulgué avant que je contacte U.K. Atomic Energy Authority en 2014.

ITER est conçu pour produire des réactions de fusion avec 500 mégawatts de puissance thermique à partir de 50 mégawatts de puissance de chauffage qui seront injectés dans la chambre de réaction pour chauffer le combustible. C’est son principal objectif scientifique mesurable. (En fait l’énergie cinétique des particules produites pourrait être convertie en chaleur.)

Pour ce faire, le réacteur aura besoin de 500 mégawatts d’énergie électrique pour initier les réactions de fusion. Le réacteur aura besoin de 300 à 400 mégawatts de puissance électrique tout au long de l’expérience pour produire les réactions de fusion. Si le réacteur atteint son objectif scientifique, l’ensemble du réacteur ne produira pas de puissance nette ou ne démontrera pas de gain de puissance. ITER est une conception de réacteur à puissance nette nulle. Ces faits étaient généralement inconnus et non divulgués au public avant que je publie ce rapport le 6 Octobre 2017. Des citations et des références scientifiques sont disponibles sur la page Web New Energy Times ITER Power Research and Analysis.

Pourquoi les pleines exigences de puissance d’entrée pour ces réacteurs n’ont-elles pas été divulguées publiquement par la communauté de la fusion ? Pourquoi les scientifiques de la fusion ne se sont-ils pas assurés que les déclarations publiques de leurs organisations étaient exactes et honnêtes ? Pourquoi les scientifiques de la fusion ont-ils laissé ces divergences et ces malentendus perdurer, décennie après décennie ? Le film documentaire du New Energy TimesITER, The Grand Illusion: A Forensic Investigation of Power Claims” répond à ces questions.

À ce jour, le site Web de l’organisation ITER continue de publier des déclarations trompeuses sur l’objectif principal mesurable du projet, impliquant que le réacteur lui-même est conçu pour un gain de puissance décuplé.

Pas de Malentendu ?

Le journaliste Grant Hill a interrogé Coblentz plus tôt cette année sur les déclarations incorrectes que les gens ont faites sur les valeurs de puissance du réacteur ITER. Coblentz a déclaré qu’il pensait que la plupart des gens comprenaient que le réacteur ITER est conçu pour un gain impliquant uniquement les réactions physiques, plutôt que le réacteur dans son ensemble.

« Je ne pense pas qu’il y ait une gigantesque tromperie ou idée fausse du public », a déclaré Coblentz.

Pendant la majeure partie de la dernière décennie, des organes de presse de premier plan, notamment The Guardian, Nature Magazine, Science Magazine et The New York Times, ont publié des déclarations tout à fait incorrectes sur le résultat attendu des performances du réacteur ITER. Dans la plupart des cas, les agences de presse ont écrit que le réacteur dans son ensemble, et pas seulement les réactions physiques, est conçu pour un gain de puissance d’un facteur dix..

Coblentz a déclaré à Hill que l’organisation ITER avait fait des efforts pour contacter les publications et les journalistes lorsqu’elle estimait que les journalistes avaient mal compris les valeurs de puissance. New Energy Times a compilé une liste de plus de 100 articles de presse qui ont publié les mauvaises valeurs de puissance. Gizmodo a récemment apporté une correction après qu’un de nos rédacteurs ait contacté le magazine en octobre. Après que New Energy Times ait contacté la National Law Review en 2020, le journal a apporté une correction. Après que New Energy Times ait envoyé un commentaire au magazine Nature en 2017, le magazine a apporté une correction. Nous n’avons connaissance d’aucune autre correction apportée à l’un des plus de 100 articles de presse indiquant de manière incorrecte les spécifications de conception d’ITER.

Lorsque Hill a regardé le film documentaire du New Energy Times, il a vu que les membres du Congrès Américain, tout comme les journalistes, avaient mal compris l’objectif principal mesurable du réacteur ITER.

Lors d’une audition au Congrès sur ITER en 2014, le représentant Californien Eric Swallwell a déclaré : « ITER est conçu pour produire au moins 10 fois l’énergie qu’il consomme ». Le représentant du Texas, Eddie Bernice Johnson, a déclaré que les scientifiques de la fusion sont « confiants qu’il est désormais possible de construire un réacteur d’essai à grande échelle qui produit beaucoup plus d’énergie qu’il n’en utilise. »

Coblentz a déclaré à Hill qu’il était convaincu que les législateurs comprenaient correctement les objectifs du projet, mais qu’ils ont intentionnellement fait des “simplifications” lorsqu’ils ont pris la parole lors de l’audience.

État de Confusion

Malgré le fait que l’organisation ITER a informé Le Canard Enchainé la semaine dernière qu’il est “évident” que le réacteur ITER global ne produira pas plus d’électricité qu’il n’en consomme, les abonnés du magazine Science & Vie ont lu la semaine dernière un déclaration contradictoire d’Alain Bécoulet, le responsable de l’ingénierie à l’organisation ITER.

Le docteur Bécoulet a déclaré que la machine ITER est conçue pour démontrer un gain de puissance décuplé, produisant une sortie de 500 mégawatts à partir d’une entrée de 50 mégawatts :

« Cette machine expérimentale va permettre de démontrer que la production continue de 500 MW est possible, » Alain Bécoulet said. Soit un rendement de 1000%!

Alain Bécoulet

Alain Bécoulet

Contrairement à ce que prétend Bécoulet, la machine, si elle atteint son objectif scientifique, se retrouvera avec une puissance nette nulle et un gain nul. Contrairement à l’affirmation de Bécoulet, à la puissance produite prévue de 500 mégawatts, la machine n’est pas conçue pour une production continue d’énergie thermique. Au lieu de cela, elle est conçue pour fonctionner pendant environ 500 secondes.

Des informations incorrectes provenant de membres seniors du personnel de l’organisation ITER n’ont rien de nouveau. Il y a un an, nous avions rapporté que Tim Luce, le scientifique en chef de l’organisation ITER, disait régulièrement aux journalistes : « Nous prévoyons de produire 500 mégawatts avec 50 mégawatts de consommation. »

À l’été 2017, nous avons présenté les divergences entre les faits de puissance et les revendications de puissance sur le site Web de l’organisation ITER à David Campbell, l’ancien scientifique en chef de l’organisation. Un mois plus tard, il a remis sa démission.

Et la semaine dernière, quelques heures après que Le Canard Enchainé a publié la confirmation de l’organisation ITER qu’ITER est une conception de réacteur à puissance nette nulle, Bigot a témoigné devant la Commission Sénatoriale des Affaires Économiques, disant aux sénateurs que le réacteur ITER dans son ensemble devrait démontrer un gain de trois à cinq fois la puissance qu’il consommera. (Cliquez ici pour cette nouvelle.)

Naturellement, les membres de l’organisation ITER peuvent avoir besoin d’un certain temps pour se mettre d’accord sur un ensemble cohérent de messages.

Affichage mural dans le bâtiment du siège d'ITER. (Photo : Célia Izoard)

Affichage mural dans le bâtiment du siège d’ITER. (Photo : Célia Izoard)

 


Crédit d’aide à la traduction : Th.P.

 

Nov 032021
 

Also published today:
ITER Director-General Makes False Power Claim to French Senate
ITER Organization Concedes Reactor Is Not Designed for Net Power Production

Également publié aujourd’hui :
ITER: Le Directeur Général Fait une Fausse Déclaration sur le Réacteur à Fusion au Sénat Français
L’Organisation ITER Concède que le Réacteur N’est Pas Conçu pour Produire une Puissance Nette

Transcript Copyright © New Energy Times


FRENCH TRANSCRIPT

[00:00:00]
… Et une fois le premier plasma, je suis confiant, ITER ira au bout. Le premier plasma, c’est déjà assembler tous les composants et ça marche; alors après, c’est comme une nouvelle maison. Je ne vais pas mettre le système de collecte d’énergie, qui est constitué de 440 tuiles avec son support qui pèse 4,5 tonnes, avant d’avoir vérifié qu’il n’y a pas de fuites. Donc je vais les mettre, puis ensuite, je vais offrir la machine aux physiciens. Ils vont s’y familiariser. Je vais ensuite la reprendre, mettre des chauffages auxiliaires et puis les physiciens à nouveau… Et la reprendre pour pouvoir recycler le combustible qui est, bon, un système classique si vous voulez, que je vais installer à la fin.

Et c’est en 2035, si Dieu me prête vie, que je verrai, effectivement, dix fois plus d’énergie, qu’effectivement il n’en sera consommé. Voilà, c’est ce défi.

Si nous réussissons, et je conclus, pendant cinq ans, les physiciens vont, si je peux me permettre, explorer tous les paramètres de fonctionnement de la machine, l’optimiser; et puis cinq ans plus tard, j’espère qu’on aura fait une démonstration convaincante. À ce moment là, on donnera la main aux industriels “s’il vous plaît venez jouer avec la machine, apprenez à la faire fonctionner”. On va essayer d’exploiter, comme vous l’aviez entendu vous, le plus continûment possible, et donc en 2045, ils auront tous les éléments pour prendre la décision.

Je pense qu’à cette date là, même si la transition énergétique aurait essayé de répondre aux enjeux de réduire les émissions du CO2 à cette époque, je pense que cette transition n’est pas durable. Elle est artificielle. Il va falloir trouver un nouveau système, et là, eh bien les premiers réacteurs seront construits. Il faut savoir que déjà, y en a qui s’y préparent : La Chine, les Etats-Unis; et donc j’espère qu’aux alentours de 2055-2060, nous aurons de l’électricité par fusion de l’hydrogène sur cette planète.

Voilà! Encore une fois, je m’excuse de la longueur de mon exposé mais…           
[00:02:40]

[Applaudissements]
[Musique]

ENGLISH TRANSCRIPT

[00:00:00]
… And once the first plasma, I’m confident, ITER will go through. The first plasma is first assembling all the components and that it works; then after that, it’s like a new house, I’m not going to put in the energy collection system, which is 440 tiles with its support which weighs 4.5 tons, until I’ve checked that there are no leaks. So I’m going to put them on, and then I’m going to offer the machine to the physicists. They will get familiar with it. Then I’m going to take it back, put in auxiliary heaters and then the physicists again… Then take it back to be able to recycle the fuel which is, well, a conventional system if you want, that I will install at the end.

And it’s in 2035, if God lends me life; that I will see, effectively, ten times more energy than it will be consumed. That’s the challenge.

If we succeed, and I conclude, during five years, the physicists will, if I may say so, explore all the parameters of the machine’s operation, optimize it; and then five years later, I hope that we will have made a convincing demonstration. At that moment, we will hand it over to the industrialists “please come and play with the machine and learn how to make it work”. We will try to operate, as you had heard, as continuously as possible, and then in 2045, they will have all the elements to make the decision.

I think that by that date, even if the energy transition would have tried to respond to the challenges of reducing CO2 emissions at that time, I think that this transition is not sustainable. It is artificial. We will have to find a new system, and then, well, the first reactors will be built. You have to know that there are already some who are preparing for it: China, United States… So I hope that around 2055-2060, we will have electricity by hydrogen fusion on this planet.

There it is! Again, I apologize for the length of my presentation but…
[00:02:40]
[Applause]
[Music]

Transcription and translation credit: M.Z.

 

Oct 262021
 

Return to ITER Power Facts Main Page

By Steven B. Krivit
Oct. 26, 2021

In ten years, the ITER schedule has fallen ten years behind schedule.

Bernard Bigot, the director-general of the ITER organization, will provide an official notice of another construction delay to its governing body, the ITER Council, at its meeting in November, according to multiple sources who have spoken with New Energy Times.

But the ITER project timeline is further behind than the organization will be disclosing publicly — even to the ITER Council, an ITER organization staff member told New Energy Times. The employee requested anonymity because they were not authorized to speak on behalf of the organization.

When construction on ITER, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, is complete, experiments with test fuels — hydrogen and deuterium — are scheduled to begin. This milestone is known as “first plasma.” These test experiments are slated to run for seven years, until scientists feel confident enough to add radioactive tritium to the fuel mixture.

After two years of running experiments with deuterium-tritium fuel, the team hopes to increase the input power and achieve the reactor’s maximum power gain design value.

According to the source, three potential dates for first plasma appear in internal ITER organization documents, along with the following annotations:

2027: Not Realistic, Not Achievable
2029: Realistic, Optimistic
2031: Realistic, Achievable

New Energy Times is therefore adjusting our projected timeline (according to ITER staff, not management) yet again.

Projected ITER First Plasma Date

Projected ITER First Plasma Date

Evasive Answer

In 2006, first plasma had been planned for 2016. By 2012, it was delayed to 2020. In 2014, Nature reporter Elizabeth Gibney spoke with Osamu Motojima, the previous director-general, about the schedule. Gibney had heard rumors that people were talking openly about 2022 or 2023.

She asked Motojima for a new, realistic date for first plasma. He gave an evasive answer. She asked again and mentioned the 2022 and 2023 dates.

“There are a lot of rumors,” Motojima said. “I have the target date, but I need to demonstrate that we can do it with a high-enough probability. It will be around 2022 or 2023, and I will report to the ITER council next June. If the date is 2025, the project will never survive.”

The project did survive, but Motojima’s appointment did not. On March 5, 2015, the ITER Council replaced him with Bigot. When Bigot spoke with Agence France-Presse two months later, he told the news agency that every year of delay adds €200 million to the cost.

Bernard Bigot (at podium) and Laban Coblentz (seated) during 2020 media event

Bernard Bigot (at podium) and Laban Coblentz (seated) during 2020 media event

Date Discrepancy

Later in 2015, Science reporter Daniel Clery learned that the official dates for first plasma were “widely acknowledged to be 2025” by everyone except the ITER administration. Clery wrote that the official schedule had been “widely discredited” by then.

False Power Claims

Clery, however, like everyone else, was misled by the ITER management and its fusion promoters to believe that the ITER reactor was designed to “produce 500 megawatts of power from a 50 megawatt input.” If that were true, the ITER reactor would be on track to produce a tenfold gain in power.

In reality, the 50 MW value applies to only the heating power injected into and used to heat the fuel. In reality, the reactor will need at least 500 megawatts to start up, and it will need between 300 and 400 megawatts continuously. (See the New Energy Times ITER Power Research and Analysis here.)

The scientific goal of the project has nothing to do with the power gain of the reactor. The gain applies to only the power gain of the physics reactions. Thus, if the ITER reactor accomplishes its scientific goal, it will produce zero reactor net power and demonstrate zero reactor power gain.

But fusion promoters rarely disclosed this distinction when speaking with the public — or their own representatives. In 2008, when the ITER organization management told Neil Calder, the organization’s first spokesman, that he should tell journalists that the reactor would need only 50 MW of power to generate 500 MW of power, ITER management misinformed him.

False and misleading 2008 statement by Neil Calder, former head of ITER public communications (Source)

False and misleading 2008 statement by Neil Calder, former head of ITER public communications (Source)

“That’s what everyone was saying, that was it, that was the point of ITER,” Calder told New Energy Times. “I spoke to everyone in senior management at the time, and there was no inconsistency, as far as I remember, across the board.”

When the ITER organization claimed for many years on its Web site that the reactor was “designed to produce 500 MW of output power from 50 MW of input power” — without explaining that the 50 MW value applied to only the injected heating power, without explaining that the 50 MW value didn’t include the majority of the input power the reactor will require — its management misinformed everybody.

False claims made by the ITER organization, as published on its Web site, Oct. 5, 2017 (Click here to see ITER organization’s correction soon after Oct. 5, 2017)

False claims made by the ITER organization, as published on its Web site, Oct. 5, 2017 (Click here to see ITER organization’s correction soon after Oct. 5, 2017)

When the ITER organization claimed in a 2017 press release that the zero-net-power reactor was supposed to “prove that fusion power can be produced on a commercial scale,” its management again misinformed everybody.

When the ITER organization claimed in a 2020 press release that, if the zero-net-power reactor was connected to the electric grid, its 500 megawatt thermal output “would translate to about 200 megawatts of electric power,” its management again misinformed everybody.

Promoters of ITER and of fusion have been misinforming everybody for decades: using the same formula of conflating fusion reaction power values with fusion reactor power values, understating the power that ITER will need to produce a 500 MW thermal output, and failing to disclose that the 50 MW input value omits the majority of power needed for ITER. They used the same formulaic misrepresentations when telling everyone about the JET reactor result, claiming that the reactor had produced 16 MW of thermal power “from a total input power of 24 MW” instead of 700 MW.

False claims made by the ITER organization, as published on its Web site, before Oct. 6, 2017 (Click here to see ITER organization’s correction soon after Oct. 5, 2017)

False claims made by the ITER organization, as published on its Web site, before Oct. 6, 2017 (Click here to see ITER organization’s correction soon after Oct. 5, 2017)

The primary measurable objective of the ITER reactor has nothing to do with proving that fusion power can be produced on a commercial scale, contrary to the claims of Laban Coblentz, the current ITER spokesman, in the 2017 press release. It has nothing to do with any theoretical rate of electricity production the reactor might produce, contrary to Coblentz’s statement in the 2020 press release.

Coblentz knew this five years ago. He told New Energy Times on Dec. 22, 2016, that the primary measurable objective of the reactor is to produce “approximately 10 times more power coming out of the plasma than goes into the plasma,” rather than any power gain for the entire reactor.

The Film

ITER is a zero-power experimental fusion reactor concept dishonestly promoted as a 500-megawatt reactor. This April 2021 film documentary tells the story:

Oct 182021
 

Return to ITER Power Facts Main Page

By Steven B. Krivit
Oct. 18, 2021

“When you tell your investors that you can do fusion by 2018, you cannot tell them that the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority agrees with you, because we do not.” — Steven Cowley, July 21, 2015

Six years ago, in testimony before the United Kingdom House of Lords Science and Technology Select committee, Steven Cowley, the highest-ranking UK fusion expert at the time, told legislators that Tokamak Energy Ltd., a UK fusion startup company, was making baseless claims to its investors.

House of Lords

At the time, Cowley was the head of the UK Atomic Energy Authority. Sitting next to Cowley at the witness table was David Kingham, the chief executive of Tokamak Energy Ltd. Cowley objected to statements Kingham made.

David Kingham: I think we are probably in the process of repairing relationships; it was difficult for a while. Partly, that is because Tokamak Energy popped out of nowhere, in a sense, and had some very bold ideas initially. It is only this year that we have been able to produce the level of evidence both on the physics of these compact spherical tokamak devices and on the engineering feasibility, so that we have been able to speak more publicly about our plans and put a stronger case to scientists and engineers around the world.

Steven Cowley: I can see where this is going. In presentations to investors, Tokamak Energy claimed that it could get fusion by 2018. We had several people working with Tokamak Energy. That is not just incredible; it boggles the mind—you cannot get fusion by 2018, not with any of these things. Nuclear licensing would take you 10, 15 years at best; a fusion device is a highly nuclear machine, and so on. So claims to investors of being able to get to fusion by 2018 drove us to say, “We need to have you at arm’s length.” We are very much dependent on our credibility. Back in 1958, Sir John Cockcroft revealed the ZETA results and claimed fusion for the UK, and it did great damage to the credibility of nuclear research in this country. When you tell your investors that you can do fusion by 2018, you cannot tell them that the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority agrees with you, because we do not. We do not think that you can get electricity in 10 years and that that is a credible claim. We have to defend our credibility.

Pot Calling the Kettle Black?

Nevertheless, Cowley’s own pie-in-the-sky claims did not escape the attention of Member of the House of Lords Baron Maurice Harry Peston:

Lord Peston: As background, I must say that I am totally confused by the evidence that you have given us. I hope you will bear that in mind. Professor Cowley, you said in your opening remarks, “I am confident that a commercially sustainable outcome will occur.” How could you possibly say that? What is your evidence? Also as background, let me point out that it is not even obvious that fission stations are commercially viable. You are talking about things that have never been built and are not within a million miles of being built. How can you express any degree of confidence that this is not a total waste of money? Those were your words: “will occur,” not “might occur,” and you repeated it a bit later.

Steven Cowley: Yes, I gave you a timescale, which I think is useful.

Lord Peston: “Will” could be between now and plus infinity, but you could not possibly have meant that.

Steven Cowley: No. I think we need fusion later in this century. What we have now are transitional decarbonizing technologies, which are fission and carbon capture and storage. At some point, we will have to move on from current technology because we cannot do infinite amounts of carbon capture and storage or fission. By the end of the century, we need some technologies to replace them. We have done some fusion at Culham: 16 megawatts of fusion power on JET. We can make the conditions for fusion. We have to make a step to the scientific demonstration of fusion, but that still is not commercial demonstration of fusion. Whether we can do that in the 2040s or whether it will wait until 2080 is the question.

MIT Helps Pave the Way

A Sept. 21, 2015, document that, as of today, is still on the Tokamak Energy Web site includes several gross exaggerations and false claims. (Archive copy)

The company said that, with collaboration and funding, it could turn nuclear fusion into a practical source of energy within a decade. The company dangled the bait for investors: “If successful, this could be one of the most lucrative opportunities yet.”

The company then provided multiple statements that implied that planned near-term fusion reactors would be producing net energy. To be clear: each of the claims implied that the tokamak reactors — the full systems — would produce more energy than they would consume.

But the Tokamak Energy fusion scientists responsible for the deceptive message knew full well that the near-term reactor plans (including their own) for net energy apply only to the physics reactions, rather than to the overall reactors.

Dennis Whyte, the director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology fusion center, helped establish the false foundation in the company’s article.

“This puts net energy gain from fusion on a decade timescale,” Whyte said.

If Whyte had really intended to convey that he was only talking about net energy gain of the physics reactions, rather than the reactor, he had six years to request a correction. But Whyte had a track record of using the bait-and-switch language.

In 2017, Whyte told a writer from the MIT News Office that MIT’s planned reactor, SPARC, “will carry out the world’s first demonstration of net energy from a fusion experiment — making SPARC the first fusion device to make more power than it consumes.”

Whyte implied that the SPARC reactor — not reaction — is designed for net energy. After I asked Whyte for reactor specifications that would support his claim, MIT removed the entire article.

An MIT science writer Whyte spoke with in September 2021 wrote “the successful operation of SPARC will demonstrate that a full-scale commercial fusion power plant is practical.” But SPARC is not designed, as a reactor system, to produce net energy. The SPARC design, like that of ITER, if it accomplishes its scientific objective, will demonstrate a correlated overall reactor net power output of zero. That’s not very practical.

Maria Zuber, the vice president for research at MIT — and the person responsible for oversight of research integrity — made a misleading claim about the SPARC reactor design.

“I now am genuinely optimistic that SPARC can achieve net positive energy,” Zuber said.

The Road to Fusion Fraud

After the fusion pump by Whyte, the Tokamak Energy article then repeated the long-running lies about JET and ITER:

Scientists have yet to produce a net energy gain in fusion. The world’s current largest tokamak — the Joint European Torus (JET) —  located at the Culham Center for fusion energy in the UK —  produced a record 16 megawatts of energy in 1997 from 24 megawatts of input energy.

ITER’s goal is to produce 500 megawatts of output power — ten times the amount of energy put in. ITER is an internationally-united endeavor to realize net fusion energy gain. … ITER’s goal is to produce 500 megawatts of output power — ten times the amount of energy put in.

The JET reactor, as readers of New Energy Times know, produced 16 megawatts of power (not energy) in 1997 from 700 megawatts of input power. The ITER design, if it works correctly, will produce not a tenfold power gain but a zero-power gain, or less.

On these false foundations, Tokamak Energy then told the public — and its investors — that the company “aims to achieve net energy gain in fusion in five years and generation of electricity in ten.”

Fusion critic and author L.J. Reinders, a retired high-energy physicist, once asked a plasma physicist who works at Tokamak Energy, “What do you mean by connected to the grid?” His colleague replied, with an embarrassed smile, “Well, it depends what you mean by grid.”

 

Oct 162021
 

Return to ITER Power Facts Main Page

By Steven B. Krivit
Oct. 16, 2021

Laban Coblentz, the head of communications for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) organization, has provided inaccurate, ambiguous responses when asked about the ITER reactor input power requirement. He has also published fraudulent claims in a press release.

Krivit to Bigot and Coblentz

This was the first news inquiry I sent to the organization:

Subject: MEDIA INQUIRY ITER POWER
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2016 15:46:12 -0800
From: S.B. Krivit
To: cab-public@iter.org, itercommunications@iter.org
Bernard Bigot, Director General

Dear Dr. Bigot,

You have shown on your Web page https://www.iter.org/sci/Goals, in very simple language, without conditions, that “ITER is designed to produce a ten-fold return on energy (Q=10), or 500 MW of fusion power from 50 MW of input power.”

In very simple language, without conditions, can you please tell me whether the entire ITER reactor, including all of the major power-consuming components, will require more than 50 MW in total power input to obtain 500 MW of fusion power?

If so, what is the best estimate of the power consumption for all the required major power-consuming components of ITER to obtain 500 MW of fusion power?

Thank you,
Steven

Coblentz to Krivit

Bigot never responded, but Coblentz did. By Dec. 22, Coblentz and I had exchanged 10 e-mails. In none of them did he answer my question. Finally, in e-mail #11, he responded to my fourth request.

According to what he said, he had not known, until that point, the answer to my question:

As head of communication, I don’t have access to – nor do I focus on – the exact electrical requirements of all ITER systems, whether tokamak systems or “plant systems.” The individuals who have those numbers are unfortunately scattered about at the moment, since you’ve caught us just at the holiday season. In short, it has taken time because I wanted to provide you the best estimates I can.

At the end of his e-mail, Coblentz gave his best answer to my question:

Finally, regarding your question: “What is the best estimate of the power consumption for all the required major power-consuming components of ITER to obtain the 500 MW of plasma power?”

Site requirements at steady state will enable the consumption of roughly 120 MW of power to support the “plant systems” such a cooling, cryogenics, vacuum, Tritium Plant and fuelling, Diagnostics, Test Blanket Modules, etc.

Even though I had not yet learned the correct input power rate for the reactor, I knew that Coblentz’s answer was wrong. He had omitted the largest power-consuming reactor drains: the plasma heating and current drive systems.

Five months later, Jassby taught me how to understand the various ITER power drains and was the first person to tell me that ITER would need at least 300 MW of electricity to produce the 500 megawatts of thermal output power. I then revisited the e-mail from Coblentz and saw that he had mentioned an additional 150 MW power needed for the plasma heating and current drive systems. But Coblentz had omitted the 150 MW value from his “120 MW” answer.

Based on my examination of Coblentz’s full e-mail, I cannot determine whether he failed to understand the information he had received from his experts or whether he did not want me to understand that information.

Coblentz to Izoard

Here’s what journalist Celia Izoard wrote about her attempt to ask Coblentz the same question:

Asked the same day about ITER’s total power consumption, Laban Coblentz, communications director, replied that he did not know. After a written request, plus fifteen days of waiting and several reminders, Coblentz provided approximate numerical values confirming those of Steven B. Krivit, but he accompanied them by a long dissertation on the need to “place these answers in the context of the mission of ITER.”

Coblentz to Claessens

In his books, Claessens cited my research to obtain and confirm the 300 MW value: “Krivit estimates the average total power consumption of ITER to be 300 MW.” But he did so only as a counterpoint to the official input power value he cited from the ITER organization: 110 MW.

“During operations, the electrical consumption of the ITER machine and its facilities should be on the order of 110 MW,” Claessens wrote.

Claessens has a Ph.D. in physical chemistry so he cannot be faulted for mixing machine power requirements and facility power requirements. For example, the street lights in the reactor facility parking lot do not count against the required input power for the reactor. Moreover, the ITER Web site, on its “Power Supply” page, also combines “electricity requirements for the ITER plant and facilities.” Regardless, not even the machine and its required components can operate on just 110 megawatts of electricity.

For the 110 MW value in his books, Claessens cited a news article by Robert Arnoux, a journalist who became part of the ITER public relations team. But there is no “110 MW” value in Arnoux’s article; instead, there is a “100 MW” value associated with the AC current. But Claessens didn’t understand that the DC current represents a separate and additional input power flow. Claessens missed something else Arnoux wrote in his article: “A plasma shot will require an input of 300 MW.”

Claessens has since agreed with me that the 300 MW value is more accurate. But where did Claessens get his 110 MW value from? He explained it to me last year:

– I sent an e-mail to [redacted] on 3 April 2017 to confirm that the total average electric consumption of the site is 110 MW (reactor + all installations)
– The day after (4 April), I received an e-mail from Laban saying that he will ask [redacted] to answer me. Because I had not copied Laban on my e-mail to [redacted], I suspect that [redacted] asked him for permission to answer me.
– On 20 April, [redacted] confirmed that the electric consumption of the site will be “around 100 MW.”
– I remember I then had a phone discussion with [redacted] and, a few weeks or months later, with [redacted].
– The only public information on the ITER site I found about this is https://www.iter.org/newsline/-/2589, which I quote in my books.
– If you write about this, please do not mention explicitly the names of my former colleagues, as they may have problems with their hierarchy.

Press Release with False Claims

Several years later, on July 28, 2020, Coblentz, under the leadership of Bernard Bigot, the director-general of the ITER organization, published a press release with intentionally false, and therefore fraudulent claims, about the reactor:

When ITER is finished, it is expected that it will demonstrate that fusion power can be generated sustainably on a commercial scale. … How much power will the ITER Tokamak provide? The plant at ITER will produce about 500 megawatts of thermal power. If operated continuously and connected to the electric grid, that would translate to about 200 megawatts of electric power, enough for about 200,000 homes.

Bigot and Coblentz omitted all of the electrical input power the reactor is designed and expected to consume. If Bigot and Coblentz had included the input power and if ITER was connected to the electric grid, ITER’s net output would translate to about zero Watts of electricity.

The ITER design, “if operated continuously and connected to the electric grid,” isn’t enough to power a single light bulb, let alone capable of demonstrating that fusion power can be generated sustainably on a commercial scale.

The day after the press release, I called Sabina Griffith, the staff member in the ITER organization’s public relations office whose name appeared on the press release. Griffith consented to an audio recording of our telephone call. In our conversation, it became clear that she did not have sufficient understanding of the scientific details to understand the press release bearing her name. But she didn’t write it, and she disavowed responsibility for the statements.

“I’m not the spokesperson of ITER. I’m a press officer,” Griffith said. “I’m just providing media, so for this question, regarding the content of the press release, I would have to ask you to talk to Laban Coblentz who is our head of communications. … I am not responsible for the statement printed in the press release.”

I invited Coblentz to provide a comment. He said nothing. But he removed the July 28, 2020, press release.

 

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